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Umhlahlandlela Owusizo Wabasebenzisi Belanga baseNigeria: Sebenzisa Ngale ndlela ukuze Wonge Imali Nokuhlupheka, Gwema Lezi Zingozi!

Sebenzisa Ngale ndlela ukuze wonge imali kanye nobunzima, ugweme lezi zingibe!

2026-01-09

Umhlahlandlela Owusizo Wabasebenzisi Belanga baseNigeria: Sebenzisa Ngale ndlela ukuze Wonge Imali Nokuhlupheka, Gwema Lezi Zingozi!

Njengomuntu waseNigeria ongowokuzalwa, ubani ongakaze ahlupheke ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kukagesi? Abathengisi eLagos bachitha usuku lonke beqapha amajeneretha kadizili, futhi izindleko zikaphethiloli zikhathaza kakhulu kunokushintshashintsha; imindeni yasemakhaya kufanele ihambe amakhilomitha amaningana iye edolobheni ukuyoshaja omakhalekhukhwini bayo; ngisho nezisebenzi zasehhovisi e-Abuja kufanele zigcine izibani eziphuthumayo ziseduze lapho zisebenza isikhathi esengeziwe. Ngenhlanhla, izinhlelo zelanga ziya ngokuya zithandwa kakhulu manje, futhi uhulumeni uphinde wanikeza nezinqubomgomo zokukhetha ze-zero-tariff. Imindeni eminingi kanye nabathengisi bafake amandla elanga, futhi ekugcineni bangasusa izinsuku "zokubuka ubuso begridi yamandla".

Kodwa abangani abaningi abangizungezile bathole ukuthi ngemva kokufaka amandla elanga, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi akuzange kuhlangabezane nokulindelwe, noma kwaphela ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Abanye baze bachitha imali kodwa abakwazanga ukusebenzisa ugesi ngoba banyathela izingibe ngesikhathi sokuthenga. Eqinisweni, uhlelo lwelanga aluyona into yokuhlobisa "engashiywa yodwa ngemva kokufakwa". Ukusetshenziswa okufanele nokugwema izingibe esigabeni sokuqala kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Namuhla, njengomsebenzisi wendawo, ngizokwabelana ngendlela efanele yokusebenzisa izinhlelo zelanga kanye namaphuzu abalulekile okugwema izingibe kuyo yonke inqubo kusukela ekuthengeni kuya ekusebenzeni nasekulungiseni, ngisize wonke umuntu ukuthi athathe izindlela ezimbalwa zokugwema izingibe futhi onge izikweletu eziningi zikagesi!

I. Gwema Izingibe Zokuthenga Kuqala: Lawa Maphutha Amathathu Abantu Abaningi Abawenzayo Lapho Befaka Okokuqala

Ikhwalithi yesistimu yelanga inqunywa kakhulu esigabeni sokuthengwa. Lapho kuthengwa, abasebenzisi bendawo abanjengathi bayalingeka kalula ngamanani aphansi noma bangakunaki ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwendawo, bese ekugcineni belahlekelwa kakhulu. Lezi zingibe ezintathu kumele zigwenywe:

1. Ungalingeki Amanani Aphansi Ukuze Uthenge "Izingxenye Ezintathu Ezingenazo" - Isitifiketi se-SONCAP Siyisihloko Esibalulekile

Umakhelwane wami wazama ukonga imali ngonyaka odlule wathenga isethi yezingxenye zelanga ngaphandle kwesitifiketi esivela epulatifomu eliwela umngcele. Ngenxa yalokho, izimpahla zathathwa ngqo lapho zifika echwebeni laseLagos - ngoba zehlulekile ukuphumelela isitifiketi se-SONCAP (isitifiketi esiyimpoqo se-Standards Organisation of Nigeria). Ekugcineni, akagcinanga nje ngokuzithola izimpahla, kodwa futhi walahlekelwa yimali ayeyikhokhile ngaphambilini, futhi wachitha izinyanga eziningana esebenzisa ugesi.

Uma bethenga, abasebenzisi bendawo njengathi kumele bacele umthengisi isitifiketi sesitifiketi se-SONCAP, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ku-inthanethi noma ku-inthanethi. Kumakhithi amancane kagesi (1-3kW) asetshenziswa ekhaya, isitifiketi esisodwa sanele, futhi isitifiketi singakhishwa ezinsukwini ezingu-1-3 zokusebenza; uma umthengisi efaka uhlelo lwamandla aphezulu, kunconywa ukukhetha uhlobo olunesitifiketi sonyaka, olunikeza nesiqinisekiso esingcono sokugcinwa okulandelayo kanye nensizakalo yangemva kokuthengisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sikhethe izingxenye ezifanele isimo sezulu saseNigeria. Izwe lethu linamazinga okushisa aphezulu, isihlabathi esiningi nothuli, kanye nemimoya enamandla ngesikhathi semvula. Izingxenye ezijwayelekile zizophuka maduze. Kufanele sinikeze kuqala lezo ezingamelana nokushisa okuphezulu futhi ezingamelana nothuli lwesihlabathi. Isibonelo, amaphaneli elanga e-jingko athengiswa ngobuningi kanye ne -jinko solar wholesale anikeza imikhiqizo enekhono lokuguqulwa elingu-≥23% eklanyelwe ngqo izimo zezulu ezishisayo njengezaseNigeria, okwenza ziqine kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi ziteshi zokuthengisa ngobuningi zivame ukunikeza amanani amahle kakhulu kubasebenzisi bendawo, okuyisinqumo esihle kakhulu kokubili emindenini kanye nabathengisi.

2. Ungalandeli Amandla Aphezulu Ngokungacabangi – Khetha Ngokwezidingo Zangempela Ukuze Wonge Imali

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi "uma amandla ephezulu, kuba ngcono", futhi bachitha imali eningi ukufaka uhlelo lwe-5kW, kodwa umndeni udinga kuphela ama-kWh amabili kagesi nsuku zonke, futhi iningi lokukhiqiza ugesi liyachithwa. Lapho bekhetha ugesi, abasebenzisi bendawo abanjengathi kumele basekele izidingo zangempela zikagesi:

Imindeni evamile (yezokukhanyisa kuphela, ukushaja omakhalekhukhwini, amafeni, ama-TV amancane): Uhlelo lwe-1-2kW lwanele, lufakwe ibhethri lokugcina amandla elingu-5-8kWh ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamandla okuzinzile ebusuku;
Abathengisi abancane (izitolo ezilula, izindawo zokudlela ezincane ezidinga ukuhlinzeka ngamafriji, amarejista emali, ama-air conditioner): Uhlelo lwe-3-5kW olunebhethri lokugcina amandla elingu-10-15kWh ukuze kugwenywe ukucima kukagesi ngezikhathi zomsebenzi;
Amafektri noma izitolo ezinkulu: Kunconywa ukuthola ithimba lochwepheshe ukuze lenze ukuhlolwa kwesidingo sikagesi ngaphambi kokwenza ngokwezifiso ugesi ukuze kugwenywe ukumosha noma ukunikezwa kwamandla okunganele.

Ngifake uhlelo lwe-1.5kW ekhaya olunezingxenye ezivela ku -jinko solar wholesale , olwanele ngokuphelele ukukhanyisa nsuku zonke, ukushaja nokusebenzisa amafeni. Ibhili kagesi yanyanga zonke (izindleko zokushaja zokugcina amandla) ishibhile ngaphezu kwama-Naira angu-20,000 kunokusebenzisa ijeneretha kadizili ngaphambili, okuyinto engabizi kakhulu. Abangane bami abaningi abathengisayo bathenga ngamaphaneli elanga e-jingko wholesale ezitolo zabo, njengoba bengathola amaphaneli ekhwalithi ephezulu ngentengo ephansi ngenkathi beqinisekisa ukutholakala kukagesi okuzinzile kwemisebenzi yebhizinisi.

3. Ungaqashi "Amathimba Abashokobezi" Ukuze Ufake - Amathimba Afanelekayo Endawo Athembekile

Ukufakwa kwelanga kuwumsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Izwe lethu linemimoya enamandla ngesikhathi semvula (isivinini somoya esimaphakathi sonyaka esingu-4.5m/s). Uma ama-bracket engalungiswanga kahle, apheshulwa kalula, futhi angalimaza ngisho nendlu futhi alimaze abantu. Ngaphambilini, umndeni oseduze nekhaya lami waqasha "ithimba labashokobezi" eliseceleni komgwaqo ukuze lifake. Ngemva kwemvula enkulu nomoya onamandla, zonke izingxenye zapheshulwa, futhi balimaza nophahla lomakhelwane, ekugcineni bakhokhela isinxephezelo esikhulu.

Kumelwe sikhethe ithimba lokwakha lendawo elineziqu, okungcono kube yilelo elinolwazi lwephrojekthi lendawo. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, kufanele siqaphe ithimba ukuthi lenze okulandelayo: amabhuleki kumele aqiniswe ngokuqinile ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zokumelana nomoya; izintambo kumele zilinganiswe ukuze kugwenywe ama-short circuits kanye nemililo; i-engeli yokufaka yezingxenye kufanele ibe ngefanele (iNigeria yethu isezingeni eliphansi, futhi i-engeli engama-degree angu-15-25 iyona efaneleka kakhulu ukuze kukhuliswe ukumuncwa kwelanga). Ngemva kokuthi ukufakwa sekuqediwe, kumele sicele ithimba ukuthi lenze ukuhlolwa kokuvula amandla ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kahle ngaphambi kokukhokha.

II. Umhlahlandlela Wokusebenzisa Okufanele: Yenza Lezi Zinto Ezi-4 Kahle Ukuze Ukhulise Ukukhiqizwa Kwamandla ngo-20% Futhi Wandise Impilo Yesevisi Ngeminyaka Emi-5

Abantu abaningi bayayishaya indiva isimiso selanga ngemva kokufakwa, bese bethola ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kuya ngokuya kwehla, bese kuyawohloka ngemva kweminyaka embalwa. Eqinisweni, uma nje usazi kahle indlela efanele yokusebenzisa, awukwazi nje ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, kodwa futhi wandise nokuphila kwesevisi yesistimu. Lawa maphuzu amane ayisihluthulelo kumele akhunjulwe:

1. Hlanza Izakhi Njalo – Isihlabathi Nothuli “Kuyizitha Zemvelo” Zokukhiqiza Ugesi

INigeria inesihlabathi esiningi nothuli, futhi ubuso bezingxenye bumbozwa kalula uthuli. Uma kungahlanzwanga ngesikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kuzokwehla ngo-20%-30%. Kunconywa ukuhlanza kanye noma kabili ngenyanga, futhi kuhlanzwe ngesikhathi ngemva kokuba isihlabathi nothuli lupholile. Lapho uhlanza, qaphela: sula ngamanzi ahlanzekile nendwangu ethambile, ungasebenzisi amabhulashi aqinile noma izihlanzi ezibolayo ukuze ugweme ukuklwebha ubuso bezingxenye; kungcono ukuhlanza ekuseni noma kusihlwa, hhayi emini lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu, njengoba umehluko omkhulu kakhulu wokushisa ungalimaza kalula izingxenye.

Ngihlanza izingxenye njalo ngempelasonto ekuseni. Ngemva kokuhlanza, kusobala ukuthi ngiyakuzwa ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Ibhethri lokugcina amandla lingashajwa ngokugcwele ebusuku, futhi isikhathi sokuphakelwa kwamandla side.

2. Hlela Isikhathi Sokusebenzisa Ugesi Ngokufanele – Ukusetshenziswa Kukagesi Ngaphandle Kwesikhathi Esiphezulu Akukhathazeki Kakhulu

Izinhlelo zelanga zinamandla amakhulu okuphehla ugesi emini. Singahlela isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwemishini kagesi enamandla amakhulu (njengeziqandisi, ama-air conditioner, imishini yokuwasha) emini, ukuze sikwazi ukusebenzisa ngqo ukuphehla ugesi welanga futhi sinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri okugcina ugesi. Zama ukusebenzisa imishini kagesi embalwa enamandla amakhulu ebusuku ukuze ugweme ukucima ugesi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla ebhethrini lokugcina ugesi.

Uma ungumthengisi, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise amandla elanga amaningi ngesikhathi sebhizinisi elimatasa kakhulu emini bese usebenzisa ibhethri lokugcina amandla ukuze unikeze ugesi ebusuku, okungenza kube ngcono ukonga ezindleleni zikagesi. Umngane wami unesitolo esithengisa izinto ezidingekayo. Ngemva kokuhlela ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ngale ndlela, ibhili kagesi yanyanga zonke ishibhile ngaphezu kuka-30,000 Naira kunangaphambili.

3. Hlola Njalo Ibhethri Lesitoreji Samandla Ukuze Ugweme Ukukhipha Ibhethri Ngokweqile

Ibhethri lokugcina amandla liyisisekelo sesistimu yelanga. Ukukhipha amandla ngokweqile kuzothinta kakhulu impilo yalo yokusebenza. Uma ulisebenzisa, qaphela: ungalindi kuze kube yilapho amandla ebhethri esephelile ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokushaja. Kunconywa ukuthi uqale ukushaja lapho amandla esesele ngo-20%-30%; gwema ukushaja isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu (njengokubeka ibhethri elangeni eliqondile emini), okuzosheshisa ukuguga kwebhethri.

Hlola i-voltage yebhethri kanye nezintambo kanye ngenyanga. Uma kutholakala izintambo ezikhululekile, zibophe ngesikhathi. Uma i-voltage ingajwayelekile, xhumana nomthengisi ngemuva kokuthengisa ukuze uyilungise. Uma ibhethri selisetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-3 futhi impilo yebhethri yehlisiwe kakhulu, kufanele lishintshwe ngesikhathi ukuze kugwenywe ukuthinta ukunikezwa kwamandla okuvamile.

4. Thatha Izinyathelo Zokuzivikela Ngezinsuku Zemvula Nezinga Lokushisa Okuphezulu Ukuze Ugweme Ukulimala Kwesistimu

INigeria inemvula enkulu ngesikhathi semvula. Kufanele sinake ukuhlola isimo sokungangeni manzi kwesistimu yelanga ukuze sigweme amanzi emvula ukungena ebhokisini le-inverter noma le-junction, okungase kubangele ama-short circuits. Esimweni sezulu esishisa kakhulu, qiniseka ukuthi i-inverter nebhethri zinendawo enhle yokushabalalisa ukushisa futhi azivinjelwa yimfucuza, ngaphandle kwalokho ukushabalalisa ukushisa kuzothinteka futhi imishini izolimala.

Ngesizini edlule yemvula, umndeni oseduze nekhaya lami wonakele ngenxa yokucwiliswa emanzini emvula ngoba ukuvimbela amanzi akwenziwanga kahle, futhi bachitha imali eningi ekulungiseni. Wonke umuntu angacela ithimba langemva kokuthengisa ukuthi lenze ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokuvimbela amanzi ngaphambi kwesizini yemvula ukuze lithathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela kusenesikhathi.

III. Izithiyo Zokusebenza Nokulungisa Okufanele Zigwenywe: Lezi Zindlela Ezimbili "Ezingenazinkinga" Zilimaza Uhlelo Empeleni

Abasebenzisi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi izinhlelo zelanga "azinazo izilungiso", empeleni okuwumqondo ongalungile. Lezi zindlela ezimbili ezibonakala "zingenazinkinga" zizosheshisa umonakalo ohlelweni kuphela futhi kumele zigwenywe:

1. Ukuntuleka Kokunakekelwa Kwesikhathi Eside – Amaphutha Amancane Aphenduka Izinkinga Ezinkulu

Izingxenye ezifana nokuxhuma izintambo, ama-inverter, kanye nama-bracket ezinhlelo zelanga zingase zikhululeke noma ziguge ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Uma kungekho ukulungiswa isikhathi eside, amaphutha amancane azophenduka kancane kancane abe izinkinga ezinkulu, futhi ekugcineni aholele ekwehlulekeni kohlelo. Kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlolwa okulula njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3 (hlola ukuxhuma izintambo, ama-bracket, kanye nezindawo zezingxenye), bese uthola ithimba lochwepheshe ngemuva kokuthengisa ukuze lenze ukulungiswa okuphelele njalo ngonyaka (hlola ukusebenza kwe-inverter, umthamo webhethri, kanye nokusebenza kahle kohlelo).

2. Ukuguqulwa Kwesistimu Okungagunyaziwe - Kuyingozi Kakhulu

Abanye abasebenzisi bafaka izingxenye noma bashintshe amasekethe ohlelweni ngaphandle kwemvume ngoba benomuzwa wokuthi ukukhiqiza ugesi akwanele. Lo mkhuba uyingozi kakhulu. Ukuguqulwa okungagunyaziwe kuzobhubhisa ukuzinza kohlelo, kubangele kalula izingozi zokuphepha ezifana namasekethe amafushane nemililo, futhi kulahlekelwe nesiqinisekiso somkhiqizi ngemuva kokuthengisa. Uma unomuzwa wokuthi ukukhiqiza ugesi akwanele, kufanele uqale uthole ithimba lochwepheshe ukuze lihlole imbangela (njengokuqongelela uthuli lwezingxenye, i-engeli yokufaka engafanele, njll.), bese uthuthukisa uhlelo ngendlela ehlelekile.

Isiphetho: Sebenzisa Amandla Elanga Kahle Ukuze Wonge Imali Nobunzima – Isihluthulelo “Ukukhetha Okulungile” kanye “Nokusebenzisa Okulungile”

Kithina abasebenzisi baseNigeria, uhlelo lwelanga aluyona into yokunethezeka, kodwa luyithuluzi eliwusizo lokuxazulula inkinga yokuphela kukagesi nokonga izikweletu zikagesi. Uma nje sigwema izingibe ekuthengeni nasekufakeni esiteji sokuqala, futhi siwazi kahle izindlela ezifanele zokusebenzisa nokusebenza nokulungisa esigabeni esilandelayo, singenza uhlelo lwelanga lusebenze kahle iminyaka eminingi futhi sifinyelele ngempela "inkululeko kagesi".

Uma uneminye imibuzo ngesikhathi sokuthenga, ukufaka noma ukusebenzisa, njengokungazi ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani uhlelo olufanele wena, noma ukufuna ithimba lokufaka lendawo elithembekile, ungashiya umlayezo endaweni yokuphawula, futhi ngizokwabelana ngolwazi lwami nawe. Ngiyethemba ukuthi wonke umsebenzisi waseNigeria angasebenzisa kahle amandla elanga futhi aqede inkinga yokuphazamiseka kukagesi!

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